Eye Conditions: What is Keratoconus?

Keratoconus is a genetic eye condition that is characterised by the doming of the cornea. It occurs when the cornea is weaker than that of a healthy eye. Over time, this causes the cornea to distort, creating a cone shape at the front of the eye, hence the name of the condition (kerato = cornea; conus = cone).

This “coning” changes the way light is refracted into the eye, causing severe astigmatism.

The exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be linked to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. For example, excessive eye rubbing has been found to exacerbate the condition.

Treating Keratoconus

Glasses and contact lenses can help to manage the refractive effects of keratoconus in the early stages of the disease; however, they become less effective as the condition develops. In later stages of the condition, other treatments may be considered. These include:

Cross-linking

Cross-linking is a non-invasive, one-off procedure that involves applying eye drops and ultraviolet (UV) light to strengthen the corneal tissues. This method works by increasing the bonds between collagen fibres in the eye, which act as anchors to stabilise the cornea. This helps prevent the cornea from bulging out.

Clinical trials have proven cross-linking to be an effective treatment for keratoconus. However, the procedure cannot reverse the effects of the condition. Around 90% of patients are now suitable for this treatment.

Unfortunately, keratoconus is a contraindication for Laser Eye Surgery as the condition can increase the risk of complications.

Intacs®

As mentioned above, cross-linking cannot reverse the effects of keratoconus. That’s why the procedure is usually performed in combination with the application of corneal inserts called Intacs®. The inserts are made from the same materials as those used in contact lenses and intraocular lenses. They can also be easily removed and exchanged if required.

These small, plastic rings are inserted into the mid-zone of the cornea, essentially stretching the cornea outwards. This causes the cone in the centre of the cornea to flatten. This can help to correct the astigmatic effects of the condition.

Studies have shown that the combination of cross-linking and Intacs® is more effective than either treatment alone.

To learn more about these treatments, read our more in-depth article on cross-linking and Intacs®.

If you’d like to speak to someone about your eye health, our friendly and knowledgeable clinic coordinators are always happy to help – get in touch today! Alternatively, to find out if you could be suitable for Laser Eye Surgery, Book a Consultation at our Harley Street clinic.