As Tears Go By – What is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction?
A such complex organs, our eyes are susceptible to a huge number of complications, from refractive errors to more serious conditions. These conditions may be chronic or short-lived, but either way, it is important to be aware of the signs to look out for to ensure effective treatment. With that in mind, we’re taking a closer look at Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
What is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction?
The meibomian glands are specialised glands located along the edges of the eyelids. These glands produce meibum, an oily substance that coats the eye on the outermost layer of the tear film. This oily layer is essential for preventing the rapid evaporation of the tears, keeping the eyes suitably lubricated.
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a chronic condition that occurs when these glands become blocked or otherwise dysfunctional. Aside from blockages, MGD can be associated with gland atrophy (shrinking or wasting), changes in meibum quality, and eyelid vascularity.
MGD is relatively prevalent in the global population, with estimates suggesting around a third of people may be affected. The condition is more common in men than women, and the risk of developing MGD increases with age.
Other factors that may be linked to MGD include hormonal changes, existing conditions such as Sjogren’s syndrome and psoriasis, environmental factors like low humidity and excessive screen time, certain medications, and contact lens use.
What are the Symptoms of MGD?
When the meibomian glands become dysfunctional, the release of meibum is affected. This can lead to a number of symptoms, including:
- Dry, scratchy, and itchy eyes
- Redness and inflammation of the eyelids
- Sensitivity to light
- Blurred vision
While MGD is a relatively common condition, it often goes undiagnosed and untreated. In these cases, the condition can advance and become chronic. So, looking out for the symptoms above could help to ensure early diagnosis and effective management. But how is meibomian gland dysfunction treated?
Treating Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
The steps for treating MGD can vary depending on the stage and severity of the condition. Generally, patients will be advised to:
- Optimise their work and home environment for eye comfort
- Avoid excessive screen time and exposure to wind/air conditioning
- Apply regular eyelid compresses (for a minimum of four minutes, once or twice a day)
- Gently massage the eyelids to help clear meibomian gland blockages
In more advanced cases, it may also be necessary to:
- Apply lubricants and/or topical antibiotics
- Evaluate the impact of your diet or medication use
- Use anti-inflammatory medications
In some patients with severe cases of MGD, where these steps are ineffective at managing the condition, surgery may be necessary to open the blocked ducts or assist in meibum expression.
Our eyes can be affected by a huge range of environmental factors. To learn more about improving your eye health or to discuss the treatments available at London Vision Clinic, get in touch with one of our friendly clinic coordinators or Book a Consultation today.
